Waec 2023 Physics Question 12

(i) heater; (ii) high tension source; (iii) cooling fins.

State one for each of the following design features of a modern X-ray tube: (i) the glass envelope is highly evacuated; (ii) the target is a metal of very high melting point; (iii) the cooling fins are located outside the glass envelope.

In a nuclear fission reaction, a nuclide \( { }_{92}^{215} U \) is bombarded with a neutron to \( { }_{36}^{93} \mathrm{Kr} \) and \( { }_{56}^{141} \mathrm{Ba} \) with additional neutrons, the energy involved in the process is Q. [mass of \( { }_{92}^{235} U=235.044 u \), mass of \( { }_{36}^{93} \mathrm{Kr}=91.898 u \), mass of \( { }_{56}^{141} \mathrm{Ba}= 140.914 u \), mass of neutron \( =1.009 u \), \( \left.1 u=1.66 \times 10^{-27} \mathrm{~kg}, c=3.0 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}\right] \). (i) write down the balanced nuclear reaction equation for the process. (ii) State with reason whether \( \mathbf{Q} \) is absorbed or released in the process. (iii) Calculate the value of \( \mathbf{Q} \) in joules.

State three differences between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission.