POST UTME UNIOSUN 2023 Geography | Objective

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Question 1
A soil profile in the humid tropics typically exhibits a well-developed O horizon, a thick A horizon, and a B horizon with a high concentration of iron and aluminum oxides. What is the primary reason for the development of this soil profile?
Correct A. High rainfall and temperature promote rapid weathering and leaching of minerals.
B. The presence of a dense forest cover leads to the accumulation of organic matter and the formation of a thick O horizon.
C. The soil is formed from the weathering of rocks rich in iron and aluminum oxides.
D. The soil is subjected to intense erosion, leading to the removal of the topsoil and the exposure of the underlying bedrock.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2
The diagram below shows the structure of the Earth's atmosphere. What is the primary function of the stratosphere?
A. It contains the majority of the Earth's atmospheric gases.
Correct B. It is the layer where the ozone layer is located.
C. It is the layer where the temperature increases with altitude.
D. It is the layer where the atmospheric pressure is highest.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3
A rock outcrop in a mountainous region exhibits a distinctive layered structure. What is the primary process responsible for the formation of this structure?
A. The rock outcrop was formed through the process of metamorphism.
Correct B. The rock outcrop was formed through the process of sedimentation.
C. The rock outcrop was formed through the process of igneous intrusion.
D. The rock outcrop was formed through the process of weathering and erosion.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4
A map shows a river flowing through a valley. What is the primary reason for the formation of this valley?
Correct A. The river flows through a region of high rainfall and steep slopes.
B. The river flows through a region of low rainfall and gentle slopes.
C. The river flows through a region of tectonic activity and faulting.
D. The river flows through a region of glacial activity and erosion.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5
A climate graph shows a region with a humid subtropical climate. What is the primary characteristic of this climate?
Correct A. It has a hot summer and a mild winter.
B. It has a cold winter and a warm summer.
C. It has a dry summer and a wet winter.
D. It has a hot and humid climate throughout the year.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6
Determine the population growth rate of a city with an initial population of 500,000 and a growth rate of 2.5% per annum, assuming a constant growth rate. Use the formula for exponential growth: P(t) = P0 * e^(rt), where P0 is the initial population, r is the growth rate, and t is time in years.
Correct A. ( 500,000 * e^{0.025t} )
B. ( 500,000 * e^{-0.025t} )
C. ( 500,000 * e^{0.05t} )
D. ( 500,000 * e^{-0.05t} )

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7
A map shows a region with a grid of latitude and longitude lines. If the latitude of a point is 40° N and the longitude is 120° W, what is the coordinate of the point on the map?
Correct A. (40° N, 120° W)
B. (40° S, 120° W)
C. (40° N, 120° E)
D. (40° S, 120° E)

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8
A rock sample is composed of 60% quartz, 20% feldspar, and 20% mica. What is the percentage of the rock that is not quartz or feldspar?
A. 20%
Correct B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9
A soil profile shows a layer of clay at the bottom, followed by a layer of sand, and then a layer of silt. What is the correct order of the soil layers from top to bottom?
Correct A. clay, sand, silt
B. silt, sand, clay
C. sand, clay, silt
D. clay, silt, sand

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10
A climate graph shows a region with a mean temperature of 20°C and a standard deviation of 5°C. What is the probability that the temperature will be above 25°C?
A. 0.5
B. 0.6
C. 0.7
Correct D. 0.8

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11
What is the primary factor influencing the formation of the Niger Delta's unique landscape?
A. Tectonic activity
Correct B. River erosion
C. Sea level rise
D. Human activities

Correct Answer: B

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Question 12
What is the name of the economic system that Nigeria adopted in 1986?
A. Market socialism
B. State capitalism
Correct C. Structural adjustment
D. Import substitution

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13
What is the primary cause of deforestation in Nigeria?
A. Overpopulation
B. Climate change
Correct C. Agricultural expansion
D. Urbanization

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14
What is the name of the river that flows through the city of Lagos?
A. Niger River
B. Benue River
C. Osun River
Correct D. Lagos Lagoon

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15
What is the primary factor influencing the distribution of population in Nigeria?
A. Climate
B. Economy
Correct C. Geography
D. Culture

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16
The process of weathering that involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments through exposure to wind, water, and ice is known as
Correct A. Mechanical weathering
B. Chemical weathering
C. Physical weathering
D. Biological weathering

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17
The diagram below shows the process of plate tectonics. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events?
Correct A. A -> C -> B
B. B -> C -> A
C. A -> B -> C
D. C -> A -> B

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18
The diagram below shows a cross-section of a river valley. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the formation of the valley?
Correct A. The river flows through the valley and erodes the surrounding rocks.
B. The river flows over the plateau and creates a waterfall.
C. The river flows through the valley and deposits sediment.
D. The river flows over the valley and creates a delta.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19
The diagram below shows a graph of the relationship between the amount of rainfall and the amount of soil erosion. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the graph?
Correct A. As the amount of rainfall increases, the amount of soil erosion also increases.
B. As the amount of rainfall decreases, the amount of soil erosion also decreases.
C. The amount of soil erosion remains constant regardless of the amount of rainfall.
D. The amount of soil erosion increases at first but then decreases as the amount of rainfall increases.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20
The diagram below shows a map of the world's major deserts. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the formation of the Sahara Desert?
A. The Sahara Desert was formed by the trade winds blowing from the east.
B. The Sahara Desert was formed by the high-pressure belt over the region.
Correct C. The Sahara Desert was formed by the combination of the trade winds and the high-pressure belt.
D. The Sahara Desert was formed by the movement of tectonic plates.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21
The diagram below shows a graph of the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the average global temperature. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of the graph?
Correct A. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, the average global temperature also increases.
B. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere decreases, the average global temperature also decreases.
C. The average global temperature remains constant regardless of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
D. The average global temperature increases at first but then decreases as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22
The diagram below shows a map of the world's major mountain ranges. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the formation of the Himalayan mountain range?
Question 23
The diagram below shows the Earth's climate and vegetation belts. Which of the following is a characteristic of the Tropical Rainforest belt?
Correct A. High levels of precipitation and high temperatures throughout the year
B. Low levels of precipitation and high temperatures throughout the year
C. High levels of precipitation and low temperatures throughout the year
D. Low levels of precipitation and low temperatures throughout the year

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24
The diagram below shows the structure of a rock. Which of the following is a characteristic of the rock?
Correct A. It is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma
B. It is formed from the weathering and erosion of existing rocks
C. It is formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments
D. It is formed from the metamorphism of existing rocks

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25
The diagram below shows a map of the Earth's surface. Which of the following is a characteristic of the map?
A. It is a physical map showing the Earth's physical features
Correct B. It is a political map showing the Earth's political boundaries
C. It is a thematic map showing the Earth's climate patterns
D. It is a topographic map showing the Earth's elevation and relief

Correct Answer: B

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