Practice Post UTME SUMMIT UNIVERSITY government 2025 Past Questions

Question 1

The concept of sovereignty in international relations is closely tied to the idea of statehood. However, the rise of non-state actors has challenged this notion. Which of the following best describes the impact of non-state actors on state sovereignty?

A. Non-state actors have completely eroded state sovereignty.

Correct B. Non-state actors have significantly diminished state sovereignty.

C. Non-state actors have had a minimal impact on state sovereignty.

D. Non-state actors have strengthened state sovereignty.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2

The concept of constitutionalism is rooted in the idea of limiting power. However, the Nigerian Constitution has been criticized for being too broad and vague. Which of the following best describes the impact of this vagueness on the rule of law?

A. The vagueness of the Constitution has led to a decrease in the rule of law.

B. The vagueness of the Constitution has led to an increase in the rule of law.

C. The vagueness of the Constitution has had no impact on the rule of law.

Correct D. The vagueness of the Constitution has led to a shift from the rule of law to the rule of men.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 3

The concept of legitimacy is closely tied to the idea of authority. However, the Nigerian government has been criticized for lacking legitimacy due to its failure to address the needs of its citizens. Which of the following best describes the impact of this lack of legitimacy on the government's authority?

Correct A. The lack of legitimacy has led to a decrease in the government's authority.

B. The lack of legitimacy has led to an increase in the government's authority.

C. The lack of legitimacy has had no impact on the government's authority.

D. The lack of legitimacy has led to a shift from authority to power.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4

The concept of human rights is closely tied to the idea of dignity. However, the Nigerian government has been criticized for violating human rights due to its failure to protect its citizens. Which of the following best describes the impact of this violation on human dignity?

Correct A. The violation of human rights has led to a decrease in human dignity.

B. The violation of human rights has led to an increase in human dignity.

C. The violation of human rights has had no impact on human dignity.

D. The violation of human rights has led to a shift from dignity to power.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5

The concept of constitutional development is closely tied to the idea of progress. However, the Nigerian Constitution has been criticized for being outdated and in need of reform. Which of the following best describes the impact of this need for reform on constitutional development?

A. The need for reform has led to a decrease in constitutional development.

Correct B. The need for reform has led to an increase in constitutional development.

C. The need for reform has had no impact on constitutional development.

D. The need for reform has led to a shift from constitutional development to power.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6

The concept of 'soft power' in international relations, as coined by Joseph Nye, refers to a country's ability to influence other nations through its cultural, economic, and political attractions. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soft power?

A. The ability to project military power

B. The ability to attract foreign investment

C. The ability to promote its culture and values

Correct D. The ability to impose its will on other nations

Correct Answer: D

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Question 7

The concept of 'human security' in international relations emphasizes the protection of individuals and communities from threats such as poverty, hunger, and disease. Which of the following is a key principle of human security?

A. The protection of state sovereignty

B. The promotion of economic development

Correct C. The protection of human rights and dignity

D. The promotion of national security

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8

The concept of 'constitutionalism' in Nigeria refers to the system of government based on a constitution that outlines the powers and limitations of the government. Which of the following is a key feature of constitutionalism in Nigeria?

Correct A. The separation of powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

B. The protection of individual rights and freedoms

C. The promotion of national security

D. The protection of state sovereignty

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

The concept of 'electoral systems' in Nigeria refers to the methods used to elect representatives to the National Assembly. Which of the following is a key feature of the electoral system in Nigeria?

A. The use of a first-past-the-post system

Correct B. The use of a proportional representation system

C. The use of a mixed-member proportional system

D. The use of a direct election system

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10

The concept of 'international organizations' in Nigeria refers to the organizations that bring together countries to achieve common goals. Which of the following is a key feature of international organizations?

A. The use of coercion to achieve goals

Correct B. The use of persuasion to achieve goals

C. The use of economic incentives to achieve goals

D. The use of military force to achieve goals

Correct Answer: B

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Question 11

The concept of legitimacy in political systems is closely tied to the idea of authority. Discuss the relationship between legitimacy and authority, using examples from African countries to illustrate your points.

Correct A. Legitimacy is a necessary condition for authority, but not a sufficient one.

B. Authority is a necessary condition for legitimacy, but not a sufficient one.

C. Legitimacy and authority are interchangeable concepts.

D. Legitimacy is a product of authority, but not the other way around.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

The United Nations has been criticized for its inability to prevent humanitarian crises in various parts of the world. Discuss the role of the UN in preventing humanitarian crises, using the example of the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar.

A. The UN has a clear mandate to prevent humanitarian crises, but lacks the resources to do so.

Correct B. The UN has a clear mandate to prevent humanitarian crises, but is hindered by the veto power of its permanent members.

C. The UN has no mandate to prevent humanitarian crises, and its role is limited to providing humanitarian aid.

D. The UN has a mandate to prevent humanitarian crises, but its efforts are often undermined by the actions of individual member states.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 13

The concept of separation of powers is a cornerstone of democratic governance. Discuss the importance of separation of powers in preventing the concentration of power, using the example of the US Constitution.

Correct A. Separation of powers prevents the concentration of power by dividing it among three branches of government.

B. Separation of powers allows for the concentration of power by giving one branch of government absolute authority.

C. Separation of powers is not necessary in democratic governance, as it can lead to gridlock and inefficiency.

D. Separation of powers is only necessary in authoritarian regimes, not in democratic ones.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14

The African Union has been criticized for its lack of effective conflict resolution mechanisms. Discuss the role of the AU in conflict resolution, using the example of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

A. The AU has a clear mandate to resolve conflicts, but lacks the resources to do so.

B. The AU has a clear mandate to resolve conflicts, but is hindered by the veto power of its member states.

C. The AU has no mandate to resolve conflicts, and its role is limited to providing humanitarian aid.

Correct D. The AU has a mandate to resolve conflicts, but its efforts are often undermined by the actions of individual member states.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 15

The concept of legitimacy in international relations is closely tied to the idea of sovereignty. Discuss the relationship between legitimacy and sovereignty, using the example of the Kosovo declaration of independence.

Correct A. Legitimacy is a necessary condition for sovereignty, but not a sufficient one.

B. Sovereignty is a necessary condition for legitimacy, but not a sufficient one.

C. Legitimacy and sovereignty are interchangeable concepts.

D. Legitimacy is a product of sovereignty, but not the other way around.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

The concept of 'checks and balances' in a system of government is primarily aimed at preventing the concentration of power in the hands of one individual or institution. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of checks and balances?

A. Separation of Powers

B. Independent Judiciary

Correct C. Legislative Override

D. Executive Privilege

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17

In a pre-colonial African society, the concept of 'legitimacy' was often tied to the authority of the chief or king. What was the primary source of legitimacy for these leaders?

A. Divine Right

B. Conquest

C. Consent of the People

Correct D. Hereditary Right

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18

The separation of powers in a system of government is designed to prevent the concentration of power in one branch. Which of the following is a key feature of the separation of powers?

A. Each branch has the power to make laws

B. Each branch has the power to enforce laws

Correct C. Each branch has the power to interpret laws

D. Each branch has the power to declare war

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19

In a public administration context, what is the primary function of the 'bureaucracy'?

A. To make laws

B. To enforce laws

Correct C. To provide public services

D. To collect taxes

Correct Answer: C

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Question 20

The concept of 'pressure groups' in a political context refers to organizations that seek to influence public policy. Which of the following is NOT a type of pressure group?

A. Trade Union

B. Professional Association

C. Religious Organization

Correct D. Political Party

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21

The concept of legitimacy in political systems is closely related to the idea of authority. Discuss how the legitimacy of a government is affected by the source of its authority.

A. Legitimacy is solely dependent on the source of authority.

B. The source of authority has no impact on the legitimacy of a government.

Correct C. Legitimacy is influenced by the source of authority, but also by other factors such as performance and accountability.

D. The concept of legitimacy is unrelated to the source of authority.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22

A country's foreign policy is shaped by its national interests, ideology, and the international environment. Discuss how these factors interact to influence a country's foreign policy decisions.

A. National interests are the primary driver of foreign policy decisions.

B. Ideology plays a significant role in shaping a country's foreign policy.

C. The international environment has a direct impact on a country's foreign policy decisions.

Correct D. All of the above factors interact to influence foreign policy decisions.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23

The rule of law is a fundamental principle of democratic governance. Discuss how the rule of law is enforced in a country with a strong judicial system.

A. The executive branch is responsible for enforcing the rule of law.

B. The legislative branch plays a key role in enforcing the rule of law.

C. The judiciary is responsible for enforcing the rule of law, with the support of the executive and legislative branches.

Correct D. The rule of law is enforced through a combination of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Correct Answer: D

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Question 24

Pressure groups play a significant role in shaping public policy in a democratic society. Discuss the role of pressure groups in influencing policy decisions.

A. Pressure groups have no influence on policy decisions.

B. Pressure groups can influence policy decisions, but only through lobbying.

Correct C. Pressure groups can influence policy decisions through lobbying and other forms of activism.

D. Pressure groups are the primary drivers of policy decisions.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25

Electoral systems can have a significant impact on the outcome of elections. Discuss the different types of electoral systems and their effects on election outcomes.

A. First-past-the-post is the most common electoral system.

B. Proportional representation is the most common electoral system.

C. Electoral systems have no impact on election outcomes.

Correct D. The type of electoral system used can have a significant impact on election outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

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