Practice Post UTME MADONNA UNIVERSITY government 2023 Past Questions

Question 1

The concept of 'checks and balances' is a fundamental principle of which form of government?

Correct A. Federalism

B. Confederalism

C. Unitary Government

D. Parliamentary System

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2

In the context of public administration, what is the primary function of the 'civil service'?

A. Policy-making

Correct B. Implementation of policies

C. Advising the government

D. Providing services to citizens

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3

The 'Electoral College' system is used in which country?

Correct A. United States

B. Germany

C. France

D. United Kingdom

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4

The 'Constitution of Nigeria' is based on which of the following principles?

A. Federalism

B. Confederalism

C. Unitary Government

Correct D. Separation of Powers

Correct Answer: D

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Question 5

The 'First Republic' in Nigeria lasted for how many years?

Correct A. 10 years

B. 15 years

C. 20 years

D. 30 years

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6

The concept of constitutionalism is closely related to the idea of rule of law. Discuss how the rule of law is essential for the protection of individual rights and freedoms in a democratic society.

Correct A. The rule of law ensures that the government is accountable to the people and protects their rights and freedoms.

B. The rule of law is not essential for the protection of individual rights and freedoms in a democratic society.

C. The rule of law is only necessary in authoritarian regimes.

D. The rule of law is not relevant to the protection of individual rights and freedoms in a democratic society.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7

In a presidential system of government, the president serves as both the head of state and the head of government. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this system of government.

A. The president has too much power and can become authoritarian.

B. The president has too little power and cannot effectively govern the country.

Correct C. The president has the advantage of being able to serve as both head of state and head of government, but the disadvantage of being accountable to the legislature.

D. The president has the advantage of being able to serve as both head of state and head of government, but the disadvantage of being accountable to the executive branch.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8

The concept of federalism is closely related to the idea of decentralization. Discuss how federalism can be used to promote decentralization and reduce the power of the central government.

Correct A. Federalism can be used to promote decentralization by giving more power to the states and local governments.

B. Federalism can be used to promote decentralization by reducing the power of the central government and giving more power to the people.

C. Federalism is not relevant to the promotion of decentralization and reduction of the power of the central government.

D. Federalism can be used to promote decentralization by giving more power to the central government and reducing the power of the states and local governments.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

The concept of human rights is closely related to the idea of social justice. Discuss how human rights can be used to promote social justice and reduce inequality in society.

A. Human rights can be used to promote social justice by giving more power to the people and reducing the power of the government.

Correct B. Human rights can be used to promote social justice by reducing inequality in society and promoting economic development.

C. Human rights are not relevant to the promotion of social justice and reduction of inequality in society.

D. Human rights can be used to promote social justice by giving more power to the government and reducing the power of the people.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10

The concept of democracy is closely related to the idea of participation. Discuss how democracy can be used to promote participation and reduce inequality in society.

Correct A. Democracy can be used to promote participation by giving more power to the people and reducing the power of the government.

B. Democracy can be used to promote participation by reducing inequality in society and promoting economic development.

C. Democracy is not relevant to the promotion of participation and reduction of inequality in society.

D. Democracy can be used to promote participation by giving more power to the government and reducing the power of the people.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11

The concept of 'soft power' in international relations, as described by Joseph Nye, refers to a country's ability to influence other nations through its cultural and ideological appeal. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of soft power?

Correct A. Military intervention

B. Economic aid

C. Cultural exchange programs

D. Diplomatic pressure

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

The concept of 'checks and balances' in the Nigerian Constitution is designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. Which of the following is an example of a check on the power of the executive?

Correct A. The power of the National Assembly to approve presidential appointments

B. The power of the judiciary to declare laws passed by the National Assembly unconstitutional

C. The power of the state governors to veto bills passed by the state assemblies

D. The power of the president to dissolve the National Assembly

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13

The United Nations has a number of specialized agencies that work on specific issues such as health, education, and human rights. Which of the following is NOT one of the specialized agencies of the UN?

A. World Health Organization (WHO)

B. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

C. International Labour Organization (ILO)

Correct D. Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14

The concept of 'federal character' in the Nigerian Constitution is designed to ensure that the country's resources are distributed fairly among all states. Which of the following is an example of a way in which federal character is implemented?

Correct A. The allocation of federal jobs to citizens of different states

B. The distribution of federal funds to states based on their population

C. The creation of a federal agency to oversee the implementation of federal character

D. The establishment of a federal university in each state

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15

The concept of 'separation of powers' in the Nigerian Constitution is designed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. Which of the following is an example of a way in which the separation of powers is implemented?

A. The creation of a federal agency to oversee the implementation of the separation of powers

B. The establishment of a federal university in each state

Correct C. The allocation of federal jobs to citizens of different states

D. The distribution of federal funds to states based on their population

Correct Answer: C

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Question 16

The concept of legitimacy in political systems is closely related to the idea of authority. Discuss how the legitimacy of a government can be affected by the level of authority it exercises over its citizens.

A. Legitimacy is directly proportional to the level of authority exercised.

Correct B. Legitimacy is inversely proportional to the level of authority exercised.

C. Legitimacy is not affected by the level of authority exercised.

D. Legitimacy is only affected by the level of authority exercised in certain contexts.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17

In a democratic system, the separation of powers is a crucial mechanism for preventing the concentration of power. Discuss how the separation of powers can be achieved in a system with a strong executive.

A. By creating an independent judiciary and a bicameral legislature.

Correct B. By limiting the powers of the executive through constitutional checks and balances.

C. By establishing a parliamentary system with a weak executive.

D. By creating a federal system with multiple levels of government.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18

The concept of power in political science refers to the ability of individuals or groups to influence the behavior of others. Discuss how power can be exercised in a system with multiple centers of power.

A. By using coercion and force.

B. By using persuasion and negotiation.

Correct C. By using a combination of coercion and persuasion.

D. By using a combination of force and negotiation.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 19

In a system with a strong presidency, the executive branch often has significant influence over the legislative branch. Discuss how this can lead to a concentration of power.

A. By allowing the president to appoint judges and other officials.

Correct B. By giving the president the power to veto legislation.

C. By allowing the president to dissolve the legislature.

D. By giving the president the power to appoint members of the legislature.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20

The concept of authority in political science refers to the legitimate right to make decisions and enforce rules. Discuss how authority can be exercised in a system with a weak executive.

A. By using coercion and force.

Correct B. By using persuasion and negotiation.

C. By using a combination of coercion and persuasion.

D. By using a combination of force and negotiation.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21

The concept of legitimacy in a political system is closely related to the idea of power. Discuss how the two concepts are intertwined, using examples from the Nigerian Constitution.

Correct A. Legitimacy is the acceptance of power by the people, while power is the ability to enforce decisions.

B. Legitimacy is the source of power, while power is the means of enforcing decisions.

C. Legitimacy is the outcome of power, while power is the input that produces legitimacy.

D. Legitimacy is the opposite of power, while power is the absence of legitimacy.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22

A political party is a group of people who share common goals and values. Discuss the role of political parties in a democratic system, using examples from Nigeria.

Correct A. Political parties provide a platform for citizens to participate in the democratic process.

B. Political parties are a means of promoting social change and reform.

C. Political parties are a source of conflict and instability in a democratic system.

D. Political parties are a necessary evil in a democratic system.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23

The concept of public administration is closely related to the idea of governance. Discuss how public administration is used to implement policies and programs in Nigeria.

Correct A. Public administration is the process of implementing policies and programs through the use of bureaucracy.

B. Public administration is the process of making decisions and taking actions to achieve public goals.

C. Public administration is the process of providing services and goods to citizens.

D. Public administration is the process of raising revenue and allocating resources.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

The concept of foreign policy is closely related to the idea of international relations. Discuss how foreign policy is used to promote national interests in Nigeria.

Correct A. Foreign policy is the process of promoting national interests through diplomacy and negotiation.

B. Foreign policy is the process of using military force to achieve national goals.

C. Foreign policy is the process of providing economic aid and assistance to other countries.

D. Foreign policy is the process of promoting cultural exchange and understanding.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25

The concept of legitimacy is closely related to the idea of power. Discuss how the two concepts are intertwined, using examples from the Nigerian Constitution.

Correct A. Legitimacy is the acceptance of power by the people, while power is the ability to enforce decisions.

B. Legitimacy is the source of power, while power is the means of enforcing decisions.

C. Legitimacy is the outcome of power, while power is the input that produces legitimacy.

D. Legitimacy is the opposite of power, while power is the absence of legitimacy.

Correct Answer: A

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