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POST UTME LEAD CITY UNIVERSITY 2017 Biology | Objective

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Question 1

In a population of 1000 individuals, 70% are heterozygous for the gene controlling flower color, 20% are homozygous dominant, and 10% are homozygous recessive. What is the expected frequency of the recessive allele in this population?

Correct A. 0.15

B. 0.20

C. 0.25

D. 0.30

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2

A 2-year-old child is brought to the emergency room with a history of vomiting and diarrhea. The child's blood pressure is 80/40 mmHg, and the pulse rate is 120 beats per minute. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this child's condition?

A. Viral gastroenteritis

Correct B. Bacterial gastroenteritis

C. Inflammatory bowel disease

D. Gastrointestinal obstruction

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3

A 35-year-old woman presents with a 2-year history of progressive weakness and fatigue. Her hemoglobin level is 8 g/dL, and her mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is 80 fL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's anemia?

Correct A. Iron deficiency anemia

B. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

C. Folate deficiency anemia

D. Sickle cell anemia

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4

A 45-year-old man presents with a 5-year history of progressive shortness of breath and fatigue. His chest X-ray shows a large pleural effusion. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?

Correct A. Lung cancer

B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

C. Pulmonary embolism

D. Pleural effusion due to tuberculosis

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5

A 28-year-old woman presents with a 2-year history of progressive weakness and fatigue. Her hemoglobin level is 10 g/dL, and her mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is 90 fL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's anemia?

A. Iron deficiency anemia

Correct B. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

C. Folate deficiency anemia

D. Sickle cell anemia

Correct Answer: B

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Question 6

In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'a' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 'AA'?

Correct A. 0.36

B. 0.64

C. 0.72

D. 0.84

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7

A plant cell has a vacuole with a volume of 100 μm³. If the osmotic pressure inside the vacuole is 2.5 atm, what is the concentration of solutes in the vacuole?

A. 0.05 M

B. 0.10 M

Correct C. 0.20 M

D. 0.50 M

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8

A diagram of a plant's xylem is shown below. What is the function of the tracheids?

Correct A. Transport of water and minerals

B. Storage of food

C. Support of the plant

D. Protection of the plant

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

A diagram of a plant's excretory system is shown below. What is the function of the guard cells?

A. Regulation of water loss

Correct B. Regulation of gas exchange

C. Regulation of temperature

D. Regulation of light

Correct Answer: B

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Question 10

A diagram of a plant's growth regulator is shown below. What is the function of the auxin?

Correct A. Promotion of cell division

B. Inhibition of cell division

C. Promotion of cell elongation

D. Inhibition of cell elongation

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11

The process of photosynthesis in plants involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of glu\cose. Which of the following is a byproduct of this process?

Correct A. Oxygen

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Water

D. Nitrogen

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

The human eye has a unique structure that allows it to detect light and color. Which part of the eye is responsible for detecting color?

A. Cornea

B. Iris

Correct C. Retina

D. Lens

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13

The process of digestion in the human body involves the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the body. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breaking down proteins?

A. Amylase

B. Lipase

Correct C. Tryp\sin

D. Lactase

Correct Answer: C

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Question 14

The theory of evolution by natural selection proposes that species adapt to their environment through a process of variation, mutation, and selection. Which of the following is an example of adaptation?

Correct A. Polar bear's white fur

B. Giraffe's long neck

C. Human's ability to walk upright

D. Elephant's large ears

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15

The human genome is made up of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, which are organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes. Which of the following is a type of genetic variation?

Correct A. Point mutation

B. Frameshift mutation

C. Chromosomal deletion

D. Gene duplication

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

In a xylem vessel, the primary function of the lignified secondary cell walls is to provide structural support and

A. facilitate the transport of water and minerals

Correct B. resist the negative pressure forces during transpiration

C. regulate the rate of transpiration

D. absorb water and minerals from the soil

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17

The process by which the kidneys remove waste products and excess subs\tances from the blood is known as

A. filtration

B. reabsorption

Correct C. excretion

D. osmoregulation

Correct Answer: C

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Question 18

The cell cycle consists of four stages: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and

Correct A. cytokinesis

B. mitosis

C. meiosis

D. DNA replication

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19

The theory of evolution by natural selection was first proposed by

Correct A. Charles Darwin

B. Gregor M\endel

C. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

D. Alfred Russel Wallace

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20

The microorganism responsible for the disease tuberculosis is

A. Escherichia coli

B. Staphylococcus aureus

Correct C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

D. Salmonella typhi

Correct Answer: C

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Question 21

A desert e\cosystem is characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures. Which of the following biomes is most likely to be found in this type of environment?

A. Tropical Rainforest

Correct B. Desert

C. Temperate Grassland

D. Temperate Deciduous Forest

Correct Answer: B

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Question 22

In a population of rabbits, the frequency of the gene for brown fur is 0.4, and the frequency of the gene for black fur is 0.6. What is the expected genotype of the offspring of two heterozygous parents?

A. BB

B. Bb

C. bb

Correct D. Bb and bb

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23

A species of bird has a beak length of 5 cm. If the beak length is normally distributed with a mean of 4 cm and a s\tandard deviation of 0.5 cm, what is the probability that a randomly selected bird will have a beak length greater than 5.5 cm?

Correct A. 0.001

B. 0.01

C. 0.1

D. 0.5

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

A population of bacteria is growing exponentially with a growth rate of 0.2 per hour. If the initial population size is 100, what is the population size after 5 hours?

A. 1000

B. 5000

C. 10000

Correct D. 20000

Correct Answer: D

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Question 25

A species of plant has a photosynthetic rate of 10 mg CO2 per hour. If the light intensity is increased by 50%, what is the new photosynthetic rate?

A. 5 mg CO2 per hour

B. 10 mg CO2 per hour

Correct C. 15 mg CO2 per hour

D. 20 mg CO2 per hour

Correct Answer: C

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