POST UTME IGBINEDION UNIVERSITY 2018 Biology | Objective

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Question 1
In a tropical rainforest e\cosystem, the primary consumers are primarily herbivores that feed on the abundant vegetation. Which of the following is a characteristic of these primary consumers?
A. They have a high metabolic rate to maintain their body temperature.
Correct B. They have a specialized digestive system to break down cellulose in plant cell walls.
C. They are primarily nocturnal to avoid predators.
D. They have a large home range to find food and shelter.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 2
A population of rabbits is introduced to a new island with an abundance of food and no natural predators. Which of the following is a likely consequence of this introduction?
A. The rabbit population will remain stable due to the abundance of food.
Correct B. The rabbit population will increase exponentially due to the lack of natural predators.
C. The rabbit population will decrease due to the lack of genetic diversity.
D. The rabbit population will remain the same due to the balance between birth and death rates.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 3
A genetic cross is performed between two pea plants, one with the genotype TT and the other with the genotype tt. What is the probability that the offspring will have the genotype Tt?
A. \frac{1}{4}
Correct B. \frac{1}{2}
C. \frac{3}{4}
D. \frac{3}{8}

Correct Answer: B

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Question 4
A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. What is the function of the structure labeled 'A'?
A. To synthesize proteins.
Correct B. To store genetic information.
C. To regulate cell growth and division.
D. To transport materials in and out of the cell.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 5
A diagram of a human digestive system is shown below. What is the function of the structure labeled 'B'?
Correct A. To break down proteins into amino acids.
B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
C. To store waste products until excretion.
D. To regulate blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6
In the process of cellular respiration, what is the primary function of the electron transport chain?
A. To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation
Correct B. To pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient
C. To reduce NADH and FADH2 to NAD+ and FAD
D. To produce water and carbon dioxide as byproducts

Correct Answer: B

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Question 7
A plant cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of sucrose. What will happen to the cell's turgor pressure?
A. It will decrease due to water loss
B. It will remain the same
Correct C. It will increase due to water uptake
D. It will decrease due to cell lysis

Correct Answer: C

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Question 8
A population of rabbits is introduced to a new island with an abundance of food and no natural predators. What will happen to the population size over time?
A. It will remain cons\tant
B. It will decrease due to resource competition
Correct C. It will increase exponentially
D. It will stabilize at a carrying capacity

Correct Answer: C

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Question 9
A scientist measures the rate of photosynthesis in a plant u\sing the following equation: \( \text{Rate} = \frac{\text{CO}_2 \text{ uptake}}{\text{time}} \). What is the unit of measurement for the rate of photosynthesis?
Correct A. mol CO2 m-2 s-1
B. mol CO2 m-2 h-1
C. mol CO2 m-2 min-1
D. mol CO2 m-2 d-1

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10
A diagram of a plant's xylem and phloem is shown below. What is the primary function of the xylem?
Correct A. To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
B. To transport sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant
C. To provide structural support to the plant
D. To regulate the plant's water potential

Correct Answer: A

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Question 11
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain cons\tant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. Which of the following is a necessary condition for the Hardy-Weinberg principle to hold?
A. Random mating
B. Large population size
C. No mutation
Correct D. No gene flow

Correct Answer: D

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Question 12
In a plant with a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte, what is the term for the process by which the gametophyte produces gametes?
A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis
Correct C. Gametogenesis
D. Sporogenesis

Correct Answer: C

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Question 13
The xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves of a plant. What is the term for the process by which water is transported through the xylem?
Correct A. Transpiration
B. Translocation
C. Osmosis
D. Diffusion

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14
In the human nervous system, what is the term for the process by which the brain s\ends signals to the muscles to move?
A. Reflex action
Correct B. Voluntary movement
C. Involuntary movement
D. Muscle contraction

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15
The human eye has a lens that changes shape to focus on objects at different dis\tances. What is the term for this process?
Correct A. Accommodation
B. Convergence
C. Divergence
D. Focu\sing

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16
In the context of cellular respiration, what is the primary function of the electron transport chain?
A. To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation
Correct B. To pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane
C. To reduce NAD+ to NADH
D. To produce water and oxygen as byproducts

Correct Answer: B

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Question 17
A researcher is studying the effects of pollution on a local e\cosystem. Which of the following biomes is most likely to be affected by pollution?
A. Tropical rainforest
B. Grassland
C. Desert
Correct D. Freshwater biome

Correct Answer: D

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Question 18
A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to a blockage in the airway. Which of the following structures is most likely to be affected?
Correct A. Trachea
B. Bronchi
C. Lungs
D. Diaphragm

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19
A researcher is studying the effects of a new hormone on plant growth. Which of the following systems is most likely to be affected?
A. Nervous system
Correct B. Endocrine system
C. Circulatory system
D. Digestive system

Correct Answer: B

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Question 20
A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a deficiency in a specific enzyme. Which of the following metabolic pathways is most likely to be affected?
A. Glycolysis
Correct B. Citric acid cycle
C. Fatty acid synthesis
D. Protein synthesis

Correct Answer: B

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Question 21
In the context of hormonal coordination, what is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Control of hunger and thirst
Correct C. Regulation of hormone secretion
D. Maintenance of blood pressure

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22
A plant's xylem is responsible for transporting what subs\tance?
Correct A. Water and minerals
B. Sugars and amino acids
C. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
D. Nitrogen and phosphorus

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23
The process of cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glu\cose to produce what?
Correct A. ATP and water
B. Glu\cose and oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide and energy
D. Nitrogen and phosphorus

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24
The classification of living things is based on what characteristics?
A. Cell structure and function
B. Metabolism and energy production
Correct C. Genetic makeup and evolution
D. Body shape and size

Correct Answer: C

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Question 25
The nervous system is responsible for what type of coordination?
A. Hormonal coordination
B. Muscular coordination
C. Sensory coordination
Correct D. Voluntary coordination

Correct Answer: D

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