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POST UTME AL-HIKMAH UNIVERSITY 2019 Biology | Objective

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Question 1

In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'a' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 'AA'?

Correct A. 0.48

B. 0.36

C. 0.64

D. 0.52

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2

A diagram of the human respiratory system is shown below. Which part of the diagram is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A. The trachea

B. The diaphragm

Correct C. The lungs

D. The bronchi

Correct Answer: C

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Question 3

A diagram of the human eye is shown below. Which part of the diagram is responsible for detecting light?

A. The cornea

B. The iris

Correct C. The retina

D. The lens

Correct Answer: C

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Question 4

A diagram of the human brain is shown below. Which part of the diagram is responsible for proces\sing visual information?

Correct A. The cerebrum

B. The cerebellum

C. The brainstem

D. The spinal cord

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5

A diagram of the human skeletal system is shown below. Which part of the diagram is responsible for supporting the body?

Correct A. The vertebrae

B. The ribs

C. The pelvis

D. The sternum

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6

In the context of xylem transport, what is the primary function of the xylem parenchyma cells?

Correct A. Storage of water and nutrients

B. Transport of water and minerals

C. Production of ethylene

D. Regulation of stomatal aperture

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7

Asexual reproduction in plants can occur through the formation of

A. Seeds

Correct B. Spores

C. Buds

D. Rhizomes

Correct Answer: B

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Question 8

The process of mitosis in animal cells results in the production of

Correct A. 2 daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes

B. 4 daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes

C. 1 daughter cell with the same number of chromosomes

D. No change in the number of chromosomes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 9

The diagram below shows a cross-section of a plant root. What is the function of the cells labeled 'A'?

Correct A. Storage of water and nutrients

B. Transport of water and minerals

C. Production of ethylene

D. Regulation of stomatal aperture

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the frequency of a gene in a population will remain cons\tant if

A. There is no mutation or genetic drift

B. The population is large and randomly mating

C. The population is isolated and has no gene flow

Correct D. All of the above

Correct Answer: D

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Question 11

The process of cellular respiration in which glu\cose is converted into ATP is an example of a ______ reaction.

Correct A. catabolic

B. anabolic

C. fermentation

D. photosynthesis

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

The diagram below shows the structure of a plant cell. Identify the part labeled A.

Correct A. cell wall

B. cell membrane

C. vacuole

D. chloroplast

Correct Answer: A

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Question 13

The equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is: \( \text{NaOH} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \). What is the type of reaction?

A. synthesis reaction

B. decomposition reaction

C. replacement reaction

Correct D. neutralization reaction

Correct Answer: D

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Question 14

The diagram below shows the structure of a neuron. Identify the part labeled B.

A. axon

Correct B. d\endrite

C. cell body

D. myelin sheath

Correct Answer: B

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Question 15

The process of photosynthesis in plants involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in the form of glu\cose. What is the byproduct of this process?

Correct A. oxygen

B. carbon dioxide

C. water

D. glu\cose

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

In the context of evolutionary theory, what is the primary mechanism driving the adaptation of populations to changing environments?

Correct A. Natural Selection

B. Genetic Drift

C. Gene Flow

D. Mutation

Correct Answer: A

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Question 17

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of sucrose. What will happen to the cell's turgor pressure?

Correct A. Increase

B. Decrease

C. Remain the same

D. Become negative

Correct Answer: A

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Question 18

A diagram of the xylem and phloem tissues in a plant stem is shown below. What is the primary function of the xylem tissue?

Correct A. Transport of water and minerals

B. Transport of sugars and amino acids

C. Support and structure

D. Storage of food

Correct Answer: A

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Question 19

A population of birds is observed to have a mean height of 20 cm. If the s\tandard deviation of the population is 2 cm, what is the probability that a randomly selected bird will have a height greater than 22 cm?

Correct A. 0.0228

B. 0.1587

C. 0.3413

D. 0.4772

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20

A diagram of the human respiratory system is shown below. What is the primary function of the alveoli?

Correct A. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

B. Filtering of dust and debris

C. Production of mucus

D. Regulation of body temperature

Correct Answer: A

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Question 21

In the context of the human visual system, what is the primary function of the optic nerve?

Correct A. To transmit visual information from the retina to the brain

B. To regulate the amount of light entering the eye

C. To focus light onto the retina

D. To detect color and brightness

Correct Answer: A

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Question 22

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely to be effective against this bacterium?

A. Penicillin

B. Erythromycin

C. Ciprofloxacin

Correct D. Vancomycin

Correct Answer: D

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Question 23

In the context of plant transport systems, what is the primary function of the xylem?

Correct A. To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

B. To transport sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the roots

C. To regulate the amount of water in the plant

D. To detect light and temperature changes

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to a blockage in the airway. Which of the following medical procedures is most likely to be performed to relieve this blockage?

Correct A. Endotracheal intubation

B. Tracheostomy

C. Thoracotomy

D. Laryngoscopy

Correct Answer: A

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Question 25

In the context of human growth and development, what is the primary function of the pituitary gland?

A. To regulate body temperature

Correct B. To control growth and development

C. To produce hormones that stimulate digestion

D. To regulate blood pressure

Correct Answer: B

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