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POST UTME AL-HIKMAH UNIVERSITY 2018 Biology | Objective

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Question 1

In a tropical rainforest e\cosystem, what is the primary role of the leaf's cuticle in relation to transpiration?

Correct A. To prevent water loss through transpiration

B. To facilitate gas exchange for photosynthesis

C. To protect the leaf from excessive sunlight

D. To regulate the opening and clo\sing of stomata

Correct Answer: A

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Question 2

A 25-year-old woman presents with symptoms of anemia. Her hemoglobin level is 8 g/dL. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her anemia?

Correct A. Iron deficiency anemia

B. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

C. Folate deficiency anemia

D. Sickle cell anemia

Correct Answer: A

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Question 3

A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. If the cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of sucrose, what will happen to the cell?

Correct A. The cell will swell and eventually burst

B. The cell will shrink and lose its contents

C. The cell will remain unchanged

D. The cell will undergo mitosis

Correct Answer: A

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Question 4

A 35-year-old man presents with symptoms of hypertension. His blood pressure is 180/100 mmHg. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his hypertension?

Correct A. Kidney disease

B. Heart disease

C. Diabetes

D. Genetic predisposition

Correct Answer: A

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Question 5

A diagram of a neuron is shown below. If the neuron is stimulated by an action potential, what will happen to the neuron?

Correct A. The neuron will depolarize and fire an action potential

B. The neuron will hyperpolarize and become less excitable

C. The neuron will remain unchanged

D. The neuron will undergo apoptosis

Correct Answer: A

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Question 6

In a population of Drosophila melanogaster, the frequency of the recessive allele 'a' is 0.2. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 'AA'?

Correct A. 0.36

B. 0.64

C. 0.72

D. 0.84

Correct Answer: A

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Question 7

A nerve impulse travels down a neuron at a speed of 120 m/s. If the impulse is 2.5 cm long, how long does it take to travel the length of the impulse?

Correct A. 0.02 s

B. 0.05 s

C. 0.1 s

D. 0.2 s

Correct Answer: A

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Question 8

A plant has a genotype of 'Rr' for the flower color gene. If the plant is crossed with another plant of genotype 'RR', what is the probability that the offspring will have the genotype 'RR'?

A. 0.25

Correct B. 0.5

C. 0.75

D. 1.0

Correct Answer: B

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Question 9

A diagram of the human eye is shown below. What is the function of the part labeled 'A'?

Correct A. To focus light on the retina

B. To detect light intensity

C. To regulate pupil size

D. To produce tears

Correct Answer: A

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Question 10

A diagram of the human brain is shown below. What is the function of the part labeled 'B'?

A. To control voluntary movements

B. To regulate body temperature

Correct C. To process sensory information

D. To produce hormones

Correct Answer: C

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Question 11

In the xylem, what is the primary function of the tracheids?

Correct A. Transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves

B. Transport of sugars and amino acids from leaves to roots

C. Storage of food and water in plants

D. Regulation of stomatal opening and clo\sing

Correct Answer: A

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Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Which of the following antibiotics is most likely to be effective against this infection?

A. Penicillin

B. Erythromycin

C. Ciprofloxacin

Correct D. Vancomycin

Correct Answer: D

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Question 13

A diagram of the human eye is shown below. What is the primary function of the optic nerve?

Correct A. To transmit visual information from the retina to the brain

B. To regulate the amount of light entering the eye

C. To produce tears to lubricate the eye

D. To focus light onto the retina

Correct Answer: A

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Question 14

A diagram of a plant cell is shown below. What is the primary function of the vacuole?

Correct A. To store water and nutrients

B. To synthesize proteins and other biomolecules

C. To regulate the amount of water in the cell

D. To maintain the cell's pH balance

Correct Answer: A

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Question 15

A diagram of the human kidney is shown below. What is the primary function of the nephron?

Correct A. To filter waste products from the blood

B. To regulate the amount of water in the body

C. To synthesize hormones and other biomolecules

D. To maintain the body's pH balance

Correct Answer: A

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Question 16

In the context of cellular respiration, what is the primary function of the electron transport chain?

A. To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation

B. To produce NADH and FADH2 through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Correct C. To pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, creating a proton gradient

D. To convert glu\cose into pyruvate through glycolysis

Correct Answer: C

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Question 17

A plant cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of sucrose. What is the expected outcome?

A. The plant cell will shrink due to water loss

Correct B. The plant cell will swell due to water uptake

C. The plant cell will remain unchanged

D. The plant cell will undergo programmed cell death

Correct Answer: B

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Question 18

A genetic cross is performed between two pea plants, one with the genotype TT and the other with the genotype tt. What is the expected ratio of offspring?

A. 1:1

Correct B. 3:1

C. 9:3:3:1

D. 1:3

Correct Answer: B

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Question 19

A diagram of a plant's xylem and phloem is shown below. What is the primary function of the xylem?

Correct A. To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

B. To transport sugars and other organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant

C. To provide structural support to the plant

D. To regulate the plant's temperature

Correct Answer: A

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Question 20

A diagram of a human digestive system is shown below. What is the primary function of the small intestine?

A. To break down proteins into amino acids

B. To break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

C. To break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Correct D. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

Correct Answer: D

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Question 21

The process of osmoregulation in animals involves the regulation of water and solute balance across cell membranes. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which some animals achieve this balance?

A. The use of specialized cells called osmoreceptors to detect changes in water and solute concentrations.

B. The production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to regulate water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Correct C. The use of a semipermeable membrane to separate the cell from its environment and regulate the movement of water and solutes.

D. The excretion of excess water and solutes through the kidneys and other organs.

Correct Answer: C

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Question 22

In the e\cosystem of a freshwater lake, the following organisms are present: phytoplankton, zooplankton, fish, and bacteria. Which of the following best describes the role of phytoplankton in this e\cosystem?

Correct A. Primary producers that convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

B. Decomposers that break down dead organic matter into nutrients.

C. Consumers that feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton.

D. Saprotrophs that obtain nutrients by decompo\sing dead organisms.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 23

The human body has a complex system of excretory organs that work together to remove waste products and excess subs\tances. Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in this system?

Correct A. To filter waste products and excess subs\tances from the blood and excrete them in the urine.

B. To regulate the balance of electrolytes and water in the body.

C. To produce hormones that stimulate the growth and development of the body.

D. To store waste products and excess subs\tances for later excretion.

Correct Answer: A

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Question 24

The process of mitosis is a type of cell division that results in the production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Which of the following best describes the stages of mitosis?

A. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

Correct B. Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

C. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

D. Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Correct Answer: B

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Question 25

The human body has a complex system of tissues that work together to perform various functions. Which of the following best describes the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A. It is a type of connective tissue that provides support and structure to the body.

B. It is a type of muscle tissue that contracts to move the body.

C. It is a type of nervous tissue that transmits and processes information.

Correct D. It is a type of epithelial tissue that forms the lining of organs and glands.

Correct Answer: D

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