POST UTME AFE BABALOLA UNIVERSITY 2023 Biology | Objective

Practice these randomly selected questions to test your readiness.

Question 1
A geneticist is studying the inheri\tance of a particular trait in a family. The trait is caused by a dominant allele, and the geneticist wants to determine the genotype of each family member. Which of the following genetic symbols represents the dominant allele?
A. B
B. b
C. B
D. b
Question 2
A researcher is studying the effects of temperature on the growth of a microorganism. Which of the following graphs best represents the relationship between temperature and growth rate?
A. \( y = 2x^2 + 3x - 4 \)
B. \( y = -2x^2 + 3x + 4 \)
C. \( y = 2x^2 - 3x - 4 \)
D. \( y = -2x^2 - 3x + 4 \)
Question 3
In the context of blood transport systems, what is the primary function of the erythrocyte membrane?
A. To regulate the movement of ions and nutrients across the membrane
B. To maintain the structural integrity of the cell
C. To facilitate the exchange of gases between the blood and tissues
D. To synthesize and store hemoglobin
Question 4
A diagram of a human circulatory system is shown below. What is the function of the structure labeled 'B'?
A. To pump blood to the lungs
B. To pump blood to the body
C. To regulate blood pressure
D. To filter waste from the blood
Question 5
A study on the population dynamics of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in a savanna e\cosystem revealed a significant decline in population size over a 20-year period. The decline was attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching. Which of the following eco\logical concepts best explains the observed decline in population size?
A. Source-\sink dynamics
B. Metapopulation dynamics
C. Population regulation
D. Community eco\logy
Question 6
In a human cell, the process of cellular respiration occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation?
A. To generate ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation
B. To produce NADH and FADH2
C. To pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane
D. To reduce oxygen to water
Question 7
The process of osmoregulation in animals involves the regulation of water and ion balance. Which of the following is a key component of the osmoregulatory system?
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Adrenal glands
Question 8
A diagram of the digestive system in a human is shown below. What is the primary function of the pancreas in this system?
A. To produce digestive enzymes that break down proteins
B. To produce digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates
C. To produce digestive enzymes that break down fats
D. To absorb nutrients from the small intestine
Question 9
The process of excretion in animals involves the removal of waste products from the body. Which of the following is a key component of the excretory system?
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Lungs
D. Skin
Question 10
A bio\logist is studying the structure of a plant cell. The cell has a large central vacuole, a small nucleus, and a cell wall. Which of the following organelles is responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell?
A. Ribosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus
Question 11
In a tropical rainforest, the primary producers are the plants and algae that undergo photosynthesis to produce glu\cose and oxygen. What is the byproduct of photosynthesis that is released into the atmosphere?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. Oxygen
C. Nitrogen
D. Water vapor
Question 12
In a human body, the process of gas exchange occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed. What is the primary function of the diaphragm in this process?
A. To absorb oxygen into the bloodstream
B. To remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream
C. To regulate the pH of the blood
D. To control the rate of breathing
Question 13
A diagram of the xylem tissue in a plant stem is shown below. What is the primary function of the tracheids in this tissue?
A. To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
B. To store water and nutrients in the stem
C. To provide structural support to the stem
D. To regulate the opening and clo\sing of stomata
Question 14
A plant with the genotype AaBb is crossed with a plant with the genotype AaBb. What is the probability that the offspring will have the genotype AaBb?
A. 0.25
B. 0.5
C. 0.75
D. 0.9
Question 15
In a population of 1000 individuals, 20% are heterozygous for the ABO blood group. If 10% of the population is randomly selected for a blood donation drive, what is the probability that at least one individual in the selected group is homozygous recessive for the ABO blood group?
A. 0.2
B. 0.5
C. 0.8
D. 0.9

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